So, you’ve now had your surgery, and you begin the real challenge – recovering! Whilst the surgery is done for you, the rehabilitation process is where the hard work starts, often leaving patients feeling confused about what to do and how hard to push themselves.
This is where Physiotherapy comes in; we are here to guide you through the whole process. In your first appointment, we can help you map out the timeline for how long it will take for the surgery to heal, which exercises you can safely do at each stage, and, finally, how long until you can return to your favourite activity or sport.
When should physiotherapy start?
It is recommended that Physiotherapy after an orthopaedic surgery should begin around 1 to 2 weeks after the surgery. This, of course, can vary depending on the surgeon’s protocol, but it is a good opportunity to touch base with a health professional who can help reassure you if you have any questions and are unable to speak with the surgeon directly.
In this preliminary phase (typically 1 month), the primary goals of your rehabilitation are to restore range of movement, reduce pain and begin light strengthening so that your muscles maintain suitable strength.
At your first appointment, your physiotherapist will take a full history to understand the surgery you’ve had and establish your overall goals.
The post-surgical rehab timeline
Phase 1 – Settle symptoms (0-2 weeks)
This is the stage where you will likely have normal post-operative swelling and feel sore. The key is to ensure you keep moving within comfortable limits and, as guided by your physiotherapist, as the range you should be aiming for will depend on the surgery and protocol.
If you have had lower limb surgery, you will likely be on crutches or a suitable mobility aid to help you get around, but you should also regularly elevate your leg to minimise swelling, as this can further limit the range of motion.
If your surgery was in your upper limb, you may be provided with a splint or sling to help protect the area. It is important you follow the guidance given after surgery as they are designed to ensure the tissues have time to go through the normal healing process. If appropriate, remove it regularly to reduce skin damage and ensure adequate circulation.
Phase 2 – Restore movement & control (2–6 weeks)
Once your symptoms begin to settle, your physiotherapist will guide you on how to safely progress your range of movement to its maximum.
At this stage, you will begin light strengthening work as you wean yourself off crutches/transition away from the sling.
Phase 3 – Building strength & function (6–12+ weeks)
This is the part where you will start to feel more confident in yourself postoperatively as you begin progressive strengthening and the gradual journey back to your desired activities.
Phase 4 – Return to sport (12 weeks+)
For those looking to return to sport, the time to return is typically longer than 3 months and can be as long as 1 year.
Whilst this can seem daunting and frustrating at first, your physiotherapist will work with you to ensure the rehabilitation is fun and engaging, keeping you motivated.
As the repaired structures often fully heal after 3-6 months, this is when you can really start to push yourself as you look to achieve your goals!
What happens in a physio appointment?
In your initial assessment, your physiotherapist will take a full history, including the type of surgery performed, review any operative notes or surgeon protocols and clarify your overall goals. Whether that is returning to work, lifting your children, running a marathon, or simply walking without discomfort, this helps shape the rehabilitation plan.
We will assess swelling, wound healing, range of movement and your current functional capacity. From there, we will create a clear home exercise plan and explain exactly what you can and cannot do at this stage.
Importantly, you will leave with progression rules. That means understanding how hard you should push, what level of discomfort is acceptable and when to stop. Many patients feel unsure about this part — our job is to remove that uncertainty.
Follow-up sessions focus on monitoring progress, adjusting exercises and gradually increasing load as your tissues tolerate more. Rehabilitation is not linear, and your physiotherapist will help guide you through the inevitable ups and downs.
Red flags
Whilst some pain, swelling and stiffness are completely normal after surgery, certain symptoms require urgent review.
These include:
- Fever or feeling unwell
- Increasing redness, warmth or discharge from the wound
- Significant calf swelling or tenderness
- New numbness, weakness or neurological symptoms
- Sudden worsening pain that does not settle with rest
- If you experience any of these, contact your surgeon, GP or attend emergency care as advised.
Conclusion
Recovering from surgery can feel overwhelming, but you are not alone in this. With a clear plan, structured progression and regular guidance, you can rebuild safely and confidently.
If you have recently had surgery or have one coming up, book an appointment and let us guide you through the process while coordinating closely with your surgeon or GP.
Frequently Asked Questions
Will physiotherapy hurt?
Some discomfort is expected, particularly when regaining movement and rebuilding strength. However, we work within tolerable limits and adjust based on your response. Pain that settles within a few hours is usually acceptable, but if it persists, then alterations to your plan will be made.
How often should I attend physiotherapy?
This varies depending on the surgery and stage of recovery. Early on, appointments may be twice weekly to ensure movement is restored and swelling managed. As you progress, sessions may be spaced out as you progress with your home exercise program.
Do I need a referral?
In most cases, no referral is required to see a physiotherapist. However, we will always coordinate with your surgeon or GP if needed, especially if there are specific post-operative protocols to follow.
